Journal: Yonsei Medical Journal

Article Title: Focal Atrial Tachycardia Arising from the Inferior Vena Cava

doi: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.4.884

Figure Lengend Snippet: Three-dimensional (3D) activation map (A). The focal pattern of activation is demonstrated using electroanatomical mapping. The earliest activation site of the tachycardia near the junction between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium (RA) is shown on the anatomical reconstruction of the RA. The area in white represents the earliest activation region during initiation of the propagation sequence. 3D voltage map (B). Endocardial voltage mapping in the RA is demonstrated. The voltage amplitudes of the sample points (small yellow dots) are assessed, and the points are set to a color scale as indicated in the figure. Large, irregular regions of extremely low voltage (red) consistent with myocardial scarring can be detected over the entire RA. Fluoroscopic projections showing the intracardiac positions of the ablation catheter (C). The catheter ablation site located in the IVC-RA junction is presented in the left anterior oblique view (LAO) and right anterior oblique view (RAO).

Article Snippet: Although focal ectopic AT was suspected as the mechanism, we mapped AT with 3D electroanatomical mapping (NavX, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) because the patient had a history of cardiac surgery.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Sequencing

Journal: Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal

Article Title: Late elimination of challenging idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from left ventricular summit by anatomical ablation

doi: 10.1016/j.ipej.2019.02.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. (Left) 12-lead surface electrogram of the PVC; (Middle) local signal at the earliest site (proximal AIV); (Right) 3D “mesh” electroanatomic map of the PVC. Green mesh denotes: LVOT and AMC, blue mesh: RVOT, gray mesh: AIV. The white dots represent ablation tags while colored spots denote the earliest site at each region. B. (Left) 12-lead surface electrogram of the PVC; (Middle) local signal at the earliest site (septal branch of GCV); C- 3D “mesh” electroanatomic map of the PVC. Green mesh denotes: LVOT and AMC, blue mesh: RVOT, gray mesh: GCV septal branch. The green dots represent ablation tags while blue and red spots denote the earliest site at each region. Note the close proximity of septal branch to posterolateral RVOT. White line denotes the aortic annulus. C. (Left) 12-lead surface electrogram of the PVC; (Middle) local signal at the earliest site (subvalvular LCC); (Right) 3D “mesh” electroanatomic map of the PVC. Purple mesh denotes LVOT and AMC; and gray mesh denotes RVOT. Because the Smart-touch catheter could not be advanced distally, a non-irrigated catheter was utilized for ablation inside the AIV and the mesh anatomy of AIV could not be integrated to the figure. The green and red dots represent ablation tags while blue and white spots denote the earliest site at each region.

Article Snippet: Mapping and ablation were performed with a 3D electroanatomic mapping system (Carto 3, Biosense-Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) and a 3.5-mm-tip irrigated mapping and ablation catheter (SmartTouch, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA).

Techniques: